The almond (Prunus dulcis) is a species of tree native to the Middle East and South Asia. It was spread by humans in ancient times along the shores of the Mediterranean into northern Africa and southern Europe. More recently, it was also transported to other parts of the world. There are two forms of the plant, one often with white flowers produces sweet almonds, while the other often with pink flowers produces bitter almonds. Sweet almonds (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) are domesticated almonds, prized for their delicious seed, essential oils and superb nutritional value. Bitter almonds are native undomesticated almonds, which were gathered in the wild for thousands of years before domestication. Bitter almonds contain glycoside amygdalin, which becomes cyanide when crushed, ground or chewed. Bitter almonds must be soaked and blanched before being eaten.
Almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. The fruit of the almond consists of an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed (nut) inside. Almonds are commonly sold both after the shells are removed, or with the shells still attached. Sweet almonds contain approximately 26 percent carbohydrates. Therefore they can be made into flour for cakes and cookies (biscuits) for low-carbohydrate diets or for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus or any form of glycosuria. Almonds are a rich source of Vitamin E. They are also rich in monounsaturated fat that can lower LDL cholesterol. Almonds can also improve complexion, improve the movement of food through the colon and can help prevention of cancer. Almonds contain high levels of antioxidant flavonoids, which help to reduce the build up of plaque in the arteries, promoting a healthy heart and overall health benefits.
Almonds contain approximately 49 percent oils, of which 62 percent is monounsaturated oleic acid (an Omega-9 fatty acid), 24 percent is linoleic acid (a poly unsaturated Omega-6 essential fatty acid), and 6 percent palmitic acid (a saturated fatty acid). Sweet almond oil is obtained from the dried kernel of sweet almonds. Almond oil is a high-heat cooking oil whose smoke point is 257C/495F. Cold pressed almond oils have a mild nutty flavour and retain the natural golden colour. It is best used for cold dish or finished dish, or for salad dressings. Almond oils used in this way as a finishing touch will be best over salads which include slivered almonds or even an almond crusted fish. It also goes well with asparagus and cream soups. Holistric beauty experts have often praised the soothing effects of almond oil on skin. Almond oil is one of the most popular essential oils used in aromatherapy. Pure almond oil can be used as carrier oil in aromatherapy or massage therapy. Almond oil is suitable for any skin type.